Gamma cameras or scintillation cameras are pieces of apparatus which allow radiologists to carry out scintigraphy scans, tests which. This paper presents a simulation for evaluation of. Components of the floodfield uniformity index in a gamma camera to cite this article. The gamma camera is an imaging technique that is used to execute functional scans of brain, thyroid, lungs, liver, gallbladder and kidneys. Physics in nuclear medicine university of michigan. Application of gamma camera gamma camera used to locate cancerous tumours,minor bone fractures,abnormal functioning of organs and other medical problems. Gamma cameras the most widespread of nuclear medical diagnostics. The gamma camera can also provide signals to a computer for further analysis of the images. Figure 1 illustrates the basic principles and components of the gamma camer. Gamma camera developed by hal anger at berkeley in 1957 therefore also called anger camera an electronic device that detects gamma rays emitted by radio pharmaceautical e. Procedures have been developed for two gamma camera models. The gamma camera is an imaging technique used to carry out functional scans of the brain, thyroid, lungs, liver, gallbladder, kidneys and skeleton. The gamma camera is positioned either over or under your body while you lie on a couch. Using gamma cameras to assess internal contamination.
Evaluation of the scattered radiation components produced. Nuclear medicine imaging allows us to take pictures of an organ or disease using radio tracers that are selected based on their ability to localise in specific. The first scintillation camera or gamma camera proposed by hal anger 1957 consisted of a singlepinhole collimator, a 4indiameter by 14inthick naitl crystal, seven 1. We report the performance characteristic of gamma camera by intrinsic calibration and. The detectors formed of an array of detector crystals, the opposed surfaces of each of which are formed. The major components are a collimator, a largearea naitl scintillation crystal, a light guide, and an array of pm tubes. Most of the organic chemicals found in the body are made of carbon, oxygen. Gamma camera imaging of radioactive sources in patients three major components. List performance characteristics of gamma cameras and features affecting performance. A block diagram of the basic components of a gamma camera is shown below. A fraction of the radiation travels towards the gamma camera, of that an even. Slides to iaea nuclear medicine physics handbook iaea human. Radiological and imaging sciences, medical physics and clinical engineering, medical school, queens medical centre.
Computer to build up the image from many detection events operation. Learn gamma camera with free interactive flashcards. Gamma camera radioactive decay gamma rays are produced by unstable nuclei when protons and neutrons rerange to a more stable configuration. The detector is formed of a plurality of discrete components which are associated in geometrical or. The radioisotope gives off gamma rays similar to xrays, which are detected by a gamma camera. The content has been established from the contributions of many persons and represents a wide. Nuclear medicine provides noninvasive imaging tools to detect a variety of human diseases. In this chapter, we have endeavored to explain the fundamentals of imaging systems, cameras and their components, and common clinical applications. Iaea quality control atlas for scintillation camera systems. Naitl crystal single or multicrystal over width of patient stops the. Imaging and detectors for medical physics lecture 5. Block diagram of a gamma camera the crystal and pm tubes are housed in a.
A srmiconductors based gamma imager performances of. A gamma camera system having control components operating in conjunction with a solid state detector. The major components are a collimator, a largearea naiti scintillation crystal, a light guide, and an array of m tubes. A gamma camera consists of a lead collimator used to define the direction of the detected gamma rays, a nai ti scintillation crystal to convert the incident gamma. Basic principles of gamma camera imaging and quality control. Elements of gamma camera and spect systems springerlink. Gamma camera components and operation gamma camera components. The three key elements for checking the gamma camera are. Radiation energy considerations xray ct we want photons with differential absorption in tissue and complete absorption in the detectors nuclear medicine. The gamma camera is positioned in such a way as to ensure that it selects the gamma photons being emitted by the organ under diagnostics. The applications of scintigraphy include early drug development and nuclear medical imaging to view and analyse images of the human body or the distribution of medically injected, inhaled, or ingested radionuclides. Gamma radiation emitted from the radionuclide administered to the patient most commonly tc99m travels in all directions. Us4055765a gamma camera system with composite solid.
In the gamma camera more than 99% of the emitted gamma rays are absorbed or scattered by the collimators. The use of principal components in the quantitative analysis of gamma camera dynamic studies d c barber sheffield university and area health authority teaching, department of medical physics. The gamma camera usually consists of several components. Quality control of gamma camera with spect system is highly valuable for assurance performance characteristic.
The nmtcb components of eparedness provide a description of the concepts, tasks, knowledge, and skills an individual needs to successfully understand and perform the necessary duties for an entry. Components of a gamma came ra, including from bottom to top scintillation crystal, light guide w ith masking, circular pmts, magnetic shielding of pmts and signalproce ssing electronics 4. This quality control atlas for scintillation camera systems has been developed under the auspices of the iaea. Nuclear medicine gamma camera imaging the royal marsden. Figure 1 illustrates the basic principles of image formation with the gamma camera. The two major components of these imaging procedures are radiopharmaceuticals and an. Pdf quality control of gamma camera with spect systems.
Chapter 18, has matched the gamma camera for a balance of image quality, detection efficiency. The basic components of gamma camera are collimator, sodium iodide nai crystal, photomultiplier tubes pmt and position logic circuit. A composite solidstate detector for utilization within gamma cameras and the like. The scattered radiation components produced in a gamma camera park was evaluated. A new gamma camera at a fraction of the cost drawing on many years of manufacturing experience since 1981, mie have developed a system of remanufacturing to deliver cost effective process is also. For this, three different simind program configurations using lehr collimator were simulated. Choose from 108 different sets of gamma camera flashcards on quizlet. Components of the floodfield uniformity index in a gamma. List basic gamma camera calibrations and how they affect performance. The gamma camera is the equipment used to detect the distribution of radiopharmaceutical within the patient. The use of principal components in the quantitative. A srmiconductors based gamma imager performances of scintigraphy and pet gamma cameras should benefit of the major advances made recently in detection techniques. Knowledge of the functions and capabilities of the computer is a vital component in delivering quality in.
1363 884 231 1383 268 87 1183 40 1359 45 499 1181 183 26 100 265 44 1105 1149 515 913 755 335 406 909 599 6 215 363 1051 917 119 1186 64 728