The gamma camera can also provide signals to a computer for further analysis of the images. Naitl crystal single or multicrystal over width of patient stops the. Imaging and detectors for medical physics lecture 5. Gamma camera imaging of radioactive sources in patients three major components. A srmiconductors based gamma imager performances of. For this, three different simind program configurations using lehr collimator were simulated. The gamma camera is the equipment used to detect the distribution of radiopharmaceutical within the patient.
The gamma camera is positioned in such a way as to ensure that it selects the gamma photons being emitted by the organ under diagnostics. The major components are a collimator, a largearea naiti scintillation crystal, a light guide, and an array of m tubes. Gamma cameras the most widespread of nuclear medical diagnostics. A srmiconductors based gamma imager performances of scintigraphy and pet gamma cameras should benefit of the major advances made recently in detection techniques. Gamma cameras or scintillation cameras are pieces of apparatus which allow radiologists to carry out scintigraphy scans, tests which. The use of principal components in the quantitative.
Radiological and imaging sciences, medical physics and clinical engineering, medical school, queens medical centre. The use of principal components in the quantitative analysis of gamma camera dynamic studies d c barber sheffield university and area health authority teaching, department of medical physics. Iaea quality control atlas for scintillation camera systems. Us4055765a gamma camera system with composite solid. A new gamma camera at a fraction of the cost drawing on many years of manufacturing experience since 1981, mie have developed a system of remanufacturing to deliver cost effective process is also. The two major components of these imaging procedures are radiopharmaceuticals and an. A gamma camera consists of a lead collimator used to define the direction of the detected gamma rays, a nai ti scintillation crystal to convert the incident gamma. The detectors formed of an array of detector crystals, the opposed surfaces of each of which are formed. We report the performance characteristic of gamma camera by intrinsic calibration and.
The gamma camera usually consists of several components. Components of a gamma came ra, including from bottom to top scintillation crystal, light guide w ith masking, circular pmts, magnetic shielding of pmts and signalproce ssing electronics 4. In the gamma camera more than 99% of the emitted gamma rays are absorbed or scattered by the collimators. The basic components of gamma camera are collimator, sodium iodide nai crystal, photomultiplier tubes pmt and position logic circuit. Procedures have been developed for two gamma camera models. Choose from 108 different sets of gamma camera flashcards on quizlet. Basic principles and components of the gamma camera. Physics in nuclear medicine university of michigan. The three key elements for checking the gamma camera are. Basic principles of gamma camera imaging and quality control. This quality control atlas for scintillation camera systems has been developed under the auspices of the iaea. Nuclear medicine imaging allows us to take pictures of an organ or disease using radio tracers that are selected based on their ability to localise in specific.
A block diagram of the basic components of a gamma camera is shown below. A gamma camera system having control components operating in conjunction with a solid state detector. The applications of scintigraphy include early drug development and nuclear medical imaging to view and analyse images of the human body or the distribution of medically injected, inhaled, or ingested radionuclides. In this chapter, we have endeavored to explain the fundamentals of imaging systems, cameras and their components, and common clinical applications. List performance characteristics of gamma cameras and features affecting performance. Further detail on these components can be found below. Nuclear medicine gamma camera imaging the royal marsden. The radioisotope gives off gamma rays similar to xrays, which are detected by a gamma camera. A composite solidstate detector for utilization within gamma cameras and the like.
Gamma camera radioactive decay gamma rays are produced by unstable nuclei when protons and neutrons rerange to a more stable configuration. Components of the floodfield uniformity index in a gamma camera to cite this article. Figure 1 illustrates the basic principles of image formation with the gamma camera. The gamma camera is positioned either over or under your body while you lie on a couch. Most of the organic chemicals found in the body are made of carbon, oxygen. Pdf quality control of gamma camera with spect systems.
Gamma camera developed by hal anger at berkeley in 1957 therefore also called anger camera an electronic device that detects gamma rays emitted by radio pharmaceautical e. Learn gamma camera with free interactive flashcards. Gamma camera components and operation gamma camera components. The gamma camera is an imaging technique that is used to execute functional scans of brain, thyroid, lungs, liver, gallbladder and kidneys. A fraction of the radiation travels towards the gamma camera, of that an even. Using gamma cameras to assess internal contamination. The scattered radiation components produced in a gamma camera park was evaluated. Figure 1 illustrates the basic principles and components of the gamma camer. The detector is formed of a plurality of discrete components which are associated in geometrical or. Computer to build up the image from many detection events operation. Gamma radiation emitted from the radionuclide administered to the patient most commonly tc99m travels in all directions. The gamma camera is an imaging technique used to carry out functional scans of the brain, thyroid, lungs, liver, gallbladder, kidneys and skeleton.
The first scintillation camera or gamma camera proposed by hal anger 1957 consisted of a singlepinhole collimator, a 4indiameter by 14inthick naitl crystal, seven 1. Slides to iaea nuclear medicine physics handbook iaea human. The major components are a collimator, a largearea naitl scintillation crystal, a light guide, and an array of pm tubes. Quality control of gamma camera with spect system is highly valuable for assurance performance characteristic. Application of gamma camera gamma camera used to locate cancerous tumours,minor bone fractures,abnormal functioning of organs and other medical problems. Elements of gamma camera and spect systems springerlink. Components of the floodfield uniformity index in a gamma. Nuclear medicine provides noninvasive imaging tools to detect a variety of human diseases. Block diagram of a gamma camera the crystal and pm tubes are housed in a. The nmtcb components of eparedness provide a description of the concepts, tasks, knowledge, and skills an individual needs to successfully understand and perform the necessary duties for an entry. This paper presents a simulation for evaluation of.
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